Formal Methods for the Verification of Safety Critical Applications using SPIN Model Checker

Security over the years has been a major concern for the organizations and companies.With the emergence of smart cards, industry has become more interested in methodologies which are used to establish the correctness and security of the applications developed with the acceptance of the use of smart cards in such domains.This paper provides a general introduction to the state-of-the-art of formal methods for the development of safety-critical systems. The idea is to combine two program verification approaches: the functional verification at the source code level and the verification of high level properties on a formal model built from the program and its specification. One of the important security systems in building security is door access control. The door access control is a physical security that assures the security of a building by limiting access to the building to specific people and by keeping records of such entries.In thispaper we employ a model checking method to verify the functional aspects of the smartcard operated door lock system which authenticates each person entering the building.PROMELA model for the proposed system Is presented. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150710

Multifocal retiform hemangioendothelioma of bone masquerading as skeletal metastasis

Hemangioendothelioma (HE) is a rare primary bone tumor of vascular origin constituting 0.5–1% of primary malignant bone tumors. Here, we report the clinical and histopathological features of a 38-year-old male who presented with multifocal lesions involving the left scapula, left proximal humerus, and the left ulnar olecranon process which was diagnosed as metastatic lesion radiologically and clinically. The final diagnosis of retiform HE was made on the basis of histopathology

Ecological Studies of the River Krishna near Gadwal, Telangana with Reference to Water Quality

Ecological studies in the river Krishna have been studies for a period of two years (May 2015 to April 2017). Physico-chemical and phycological aspects have been investigated to assess the quality of water. The water was well oxygenated with an alkaline pH, organic matter, chlorides and nutrients were recorded at low concentrations. Diatoms constituted the dominant group of algae. Multiple regression analysis was employed to discover the relative importance of various physico-chemical variables on the abundance and distribution of algae. Mathematical equations were derived involving the physico-chemical variables for better prediction of algal number

Phytotoxic effect of the extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on the germination, seedling growth and biomass of some agricultural crops

This study was conducted to assess the phytotoxic effect of invasive species: Parthenium hysterophorus L. on the germination, seedling length and biomass of Zea mays, Macrotyloma uniflorum and Triticum aestivum, in order to explore its potential as noxious species. In this study, the allelopathic substances were extracted with distilled water and methanol from the aerial and underground part of P. hysterophorus L. in different concentration (1, 100, 150, 400 mg mL–1). The results of the study revealed that the methanol fraction of roots at 400 mg mL-1 concentration had the highest phytotoxic activity as compared to the double distilled water extract. Germination (%) was observed to be maximum (90%) for Z. mays with double distilled water above ground part extract at 1 mg mL-1 and lowest (10%) for M. uniflorum L. in 400 mg mL-1 both aerial and underground plant extracts at the last day of measurement. Mean shoot and root length were observed highest (17.6cm and 6.1cm respectively) in Z. mays with aerial double distilled water extract at 1 mg mL-1 concentration and it was found lowest (3.2cm and 2.8cm) in M. uniflorum with underground part double distilled water extract at 400 mg mL-1. Biomass was recorded highest (1.97 g/100cm2) in Z. mays in aerial part extract and lowest (0.83 g/100 cm2) in horse gram in underground part extract at concentration of 400mg mL–1 with double distilled water extract. In methanol, both aerial and underground part extracts, the germination observed only at 1mg mL-1 concentration

Correlation of aspergillus skin hypersensitivity with the duration and severity of asthma

Asthma is a significant health problem worldwide and Allergic Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicates the course of 1-2% of patients of asthma. Aspergillus skin hypersensitivity (AH) is the first step for diagnosis of ABPA. This study was conducted to know the correlation of AH with severity and duration of asthma. Patients, age >15 years, of asthma attending this hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 were included. Asthma was diagnosed clinically and confirmed with spirometry. Of 282 patients 206 patients were AH positive. The AST-positivity in patients having severe asthma (96.8%) was higher than that in patients having mild (36.8%) and moderate asthma (80.4%). The median (IQR) duration of asthma of AH positive patients was 5.0 yrs. This study emphasized the need of ABPA screening by intradermal skin test especially in patients having severe asthma and/or those having asthma for longer duration in order for early diagnosis of ABPA

An Insight into Application of Land Use Land Cover Analysis towards Sustainable Agriculture within Jhajjar District, Haryana

The increasing population, depletion of natural resources, semi-arid climatic and poor soil health conditions in Jhajjar district of Haryana have drawn major attention towards the changes in Land Use/Land Cover (LULC). The region's increasing population is mainly dependent upon the agrarian economy; thus, sustainable agricultural production is a major thrust area of research. The present study analyses the LULC changes in the area during two decades 2000 – 2020, using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Landsat satellite images (Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites) for 2000 and 2020 were analyzed for mixed classification based on unsupervised classification followed by supervised classification. The study area has experienced an increase in agricultural land, surface water bodies and built-up land by 16.89%, 79.73% and 56.41%, respectively. There is a decrease in barren land and fallow land by 48.53% and 36.97%, respectively, as per the five major LULC classes. The LULC analysis indicates an increase in built-up land, which is responsible for controlling agricultural productivity and unsustainable agricultural activities. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the land use trajectory in a specific region in two decades and associated unsustainable changes in the agrarian economy through pressure on the increase in agricultural production and conversion of land mass into croplands. It also signifies climate-resilient agriculture and the management of sustainable agriculture

Are rhetorical commitments to adolescents refected in planning documents? An exploratory content analysis of adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Global Financing Facility country plans

The Global Financing Facility (GFF) offers an opportunity to close the financing gap that holds back gains in women, children's and adolescent health. However, very little work exists examining GFF practice, particularly for adolescent health. As momentum builds for the GFF, we examine initial GFF planning documents to inform future national and multi-lateral efforts to advance adolescent sexual and reproductive health.We undertook a content analysis of the first 11 GFF Investment Cases and Project Appraisal Documents available on the GFF website. The countries involved include Bangladesh, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda

Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Sarcoma Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sarcomas are rare cancers with a spectrum of clinical needs and outcomes. We investigated care experiences and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in sarcoma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with appointments during the first two months of the UK lockdown were invited to complete a survey. Questions included views on care modifications, COVID-19 worry and psychosocial impact, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 items. 350 patients completed the survey; median age 58 (16–92) years. Care modifications included telemedicine (74%) and postponement of appointments (34%), scans (34%) or treatment (10%). Most felt the quality of care was not affected (72%), however, social life (87%) and emotional wellbeing (41%) were affected. Worry about COVID-19 infection was moderately high (mean 5.8/10) and significantly related to higher cancer-related worry; associated with lower emotional functioning irrespective of treatment intent. Curative patients (44%) with low resilient coping scores had significantly higher COVID-19 worry. Patients who did not know their treatment intent (22%) had significantly higher COVID-19 worry and insomnia. In summary, care experiences were generally positive; however, cancer-related worry, low resilient coping and uncertainty about treatment intent were associated with COVID-19 worry. These patients may benefit from additional psychological support during the pandemic and beyond.</jats:p

Lenses and levels: the why, what and how of measuring health system drivers of women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health with a governance focus

Health systems are critical for health outcomes as they underpin intervention coverage and quality, promote users’ rights and intervene on the social determinants of health. Governance is essential for health system endeavours as it mobilises and coordinates a multiplicity of actors and interests to realise common goals. The inherently social, political and contextualised nature of governance, and health systems more broadly, has implications for measurement, including how the health of women, children and adolescents health is viewed and assessed, and for whom. Three common lenses, each with their own views of power dynamics in policy and programme implementation, include a service delivery lens aimed at scaling effective interventions, a societal lens oriented to empowering people with rights to effect change and a systems lens concerned with creating enabling environments for adaptive learning. We illustrate the implications of each lens for the why, what and how of measuring health system drivers across micro, meso and macro health systems levels, through three examples (digital health, maternal and perinatal death surveillance and review, and multisectoral action for adolescent health). Appreciating these underpinnings of measuring health systems and governance drivers of the health of women, children and adolescents is essential for a holistic learning and action agenda that engages a wider range of stakeholders, which includes, but also goes beyond, indicator-based measurement. Without a broadening of approaches to measurement and the types of research partnerships involved, continued investments in the health of women, children and adolescents will fall short